Water Treatment Alum For Water Purification

Filtration through sand 2.

Water treatment alum for water purification.

One of the earliest and still the most extensively used is aluminum sulfate also known as alum. Aluminum sulfate is also important for lake treatment and restoration. Drinking water sources are subject to contamination and require. The coagulation flocculation process can.

Alum can be bought in liquid form or in dry form. Moringa seed flocculation 3. Water treatment 6 1 introduction water can be contaminated by the following agents. In water treatment coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water.

It is mainly used in municipal water treatment plants to treat wastewater and potable water. It is readily soluble in water. Usually a mixture of water with 48 percent filter alum is injected into the raw incoming water at a rate of 18 to 24 parts per million. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge.

Because hydrated lime is easily handled its use is preferable in the smaller water treatment purification plants where lime is required to supply additional. Alum causes them to clump together so that they can settle out of the water or be easily trapped by a filter. Basic treatments for water purification have been documented in greek and sanskrit writings and egyptians used alum for precipitation as early as 1500 bce. More about alum from other sources.

When alum is added to water it reacts with the water and results in positively charged ions. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes pesticides fertilizers. Coli hepatitis a giardia intestinalis and other pathogens. There are a variety of primary coagulants which can be used in a water treatment plant.

Historical evidence suggests that water treatment was recognized and practiced by ancient civilizations. Raw water often holds tiny suspended particles that are very difficult for a filter to catch. Aluminum sulfate serves as a coagulant and flocculating agent in water treatment making the water easier to clean. This document should prove useful to you as you consider pre treatment options to improve water clarity and acceptance of water treatment with sodium hypochlorite by the target population.

However even in the u s drinking water sources can become contaminated causing sickness and disease from waterborne germs such as cryptosporidium e. Filtration through a cloth 1 2. Drinking water supplies in the united states are among the safest in the world.